| 41st |
1976 |
Increased retirement age of State Public Service Commission members to 62. |
Ensured administrative continuity. |
| 42nd |
1976 |
Added "Socialist", "Secular", "Integrity" to Preamble; reduced judicial powers; gave primacy to Directive Principles. |
Strengthened central authority; controversial. |
| 43rd |
1977 |
Restored powers of SC and HCs curtailed by 42nd Amendment. |
Reaffirmed judicial independence. |
| 44th |
1978 |
Changed Emergency provisions; restored rights; required Cabinet approval for Emergency. |
Strengthened democratic safeguards. |
| 45th |
1980 |
Extended SC/ST reservation in legislatures for 10 years. |
Continued affirmative representation. |
| 46th |
1982 |
Allowed states to tax certain goods transactions. |
Enhanced state revenue powers. |
| 47th |
1984 |
Added land reform laws to Ninth Schedule. |
Protected agrarian reforms from litigation. |
| 48th |
1984 |
Allowed longer President’s Rule in Punjab. |
Tackled insurgency but raised federalism concerns. |
| 49th |
1984 |
Special provisions for Tripura. |
Addressed tribal autonomy. |
| 50th |
1984 |
Expanded scope of restrictions for public order/security. |
Strengthened state security laws. |
| 51st |
1984 |
Reservation for STs in NE states’ assemblies. |
Protected political rights of tribal states. |
| 52nd |
1985 |
Introduced Anti-Defection Law (Tenth Schedule). |
Reduced political instability from defections. |
| 53rd |
1986 |
Special status to Mizoram after peace accord. |
Preserved local culture and autonomy. |
| 54th |
1986 |
Increased salaries of President and VP. |
Updated remuneration for top offices. |
| 55th |
1986 |
Special status to Arunachal Pradesh. |
Gave Governor special powers. |
| 56th |
1987 |
Goa became a state; Daman & Diu made UT. |
Completed Goa’s statehood process. |
| 57th |
1987 |
Reservation for STs in assemblies of certain NE states. |
Safeguarded tribal representation. |
| 58th |
1987 |
Authoritative Hindi translation of the Constitution. |
Improved constitutional accessibility. |
| 59th |
1988 |
Special Emergency provisions for Punjab. |
Addressed terrorism but limited civil rights. |
| 60th |
1988 |
Raised profession tax ceiling to ₹2,500. |
Allowed states to adjust tax rates. |
| 61st |
1989 |
Reduced voting age from 21 to 18. |
Expanded youth participation in politics. |
| 62nd |
1989 |
Extended SC/ST reservation in legislatures. |
Continued social justice measures. |
| 63rd |
1989 |
Repealed Article 359A (Emergency restriction clause). |
Restored certain rights. |
| 64th |
1990 |
Extended President’s Rule in Punjab. |
Maintained central control in crisis. |
| 65th |
1990 |
Set up National Commission for SCs and STs. |
Strengthened social justice institutions. |
| 66th |
1990 |
Added more laws to Ninth Schedule. |
Shielded policies from judicial review. |
| 67th |
1990 |
Extended President’s Rule in Punjab beyond 3 years. |
Prolonged central governance in Punjab. |
| 68th |
1991 |
Further extension of President’s Rule in Punjab. |
Continued central control amid militancy. |
| 69th |
1991 |
Granted Delhi partial statehood with assembly. |
Enhanced governance in the capital. |
| 70th |
1992 |
Included UTs in Presidential election process. |
Expanded electoral representation. |
| 71st |
1992 |
Added Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali to Eighth Schedule. |
Recognised linguistic diversity. |
| 72nd |
1992 |
Reservation for STs in Goa assembly. |
Protected tribal political rights. |
| 73rd |
1992 |
Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj. |
Strengthened rural self-governance. |
| 74th |
1992 |
Constitutional status to municipalities. |
Empowered urban local bodies. |
| 75th |
1994 |
Strengthened debt recovery laws. |
Improved financial system efficiency. |
| 76th |
1994 |
Allowed 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu (over 50% cap). |
Protected state’s unique quota policy. |
| 77th |
1995 |
Restored reservation in promotions for SC/STs. |
Secured job advancement for disadvantaged groups. |
| 78th |
1995 |
Added more land laws to Ninth Schedule. |
Shielded reforms from court interference. |
| 79th |
1999 |
Extended SC/ST/Anglo-Indian reservation in legislatures. |
Continued affirmative political action. |
| 80th |
1999 |
Revised tax devolution between Centre and States. |
Strengthened fiscal federalism. |
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